Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA

Abstract Background Cigars and cigarettes are both smoked, but much less is known about the former’s long-term health effects, due to its low prevalence infrequent collection of cigar information in national surveys. Purpose We conducted a follow-up mortality study cigar-smoking men age 40–79 years National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). Methods used pooled NHIS files linked Death Index obtain from year interview death or December 31, 2015. developed categories cigarette smoking that accommodate dual former use products. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, income region estimate hazard ratios (HRs, 95% confidence intervals, CI) all causes, heart diseases, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory diseases two mutually exclusive categories: smoking-related other diseases. Results There were 14,657 deaths including 3426 never tobacco users, 3276 smokers 176 users. The latter had no statistically significant evidence increased causes. In contrast, experience users cigars who formerly similar smokers. Conclusions This provides male 40 + elevated risks. However, after accounting confounding variables, we found significantly only among cigarettes.